version 1.30.1
2019-11-04
Aliases: dumpleases(1), logread(1), klogd(8), syslogd(8), udhcpc(8), udhcpd(8)
busybox-static
Static linked version of Busybox, a compact UNIX utility collection
busybox
Statically linked binary providing simplified versions of system commands
NAME
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
SYNTAX
busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
<applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
DESCRIPTION
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.
BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.
BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run ’make config’ or ’make menuconfig’ to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run ’make’ to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
After the compile has finished, you should use ’make install’ to install BusyBox. This will install the ’bin/busybox’ binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like ’make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install’). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.
USAGE
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations.
You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering
/bin/busybox ls
will also cause BusyBox to behave as ’ls’.
Of course, adding ’/bin/busybox’ into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
For example, entering
ln -s /bin/busybox ls
./ls
will cause BusyBox to behave as ’ls’ (if the ’ls’ command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the ’make install’ command.
If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
COMMON OPTIONS
Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.
COMMANDS
Currently available applets include:
[, [[, acpid, adjtimex, ar, arch, arp, arping, ash, awk, basename,
bc, blkdiscard, blockdev, brctl, bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, bzip2,
cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp,
cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt,
depmod, devmem, df, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix,
dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, env,
expand, expr, factor, fallocate, false, fatattr, fdisk, fgrep, find,
fold, free, freeramdisk, fsfreeze, fstrim, ftpget, ftpput, getopt,
getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid,
hostname, httpd, hwclock, i2cdetect, i2cdump, i2cget, i2cset, id,
ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, init, insmod, ionice, ip, ipcalc, ipneigh,
kill, killall, klogd, last, less, link, linux32, linux64, linuxrc,
ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup,
ls, lsmod, lsscsi, lzcat, lzma, lzop, md5sum, mdev, microcom, mkdir,
mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo,
modprobe, more, mount, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nl, nologin,
nproc, nsenter, nslookup, nuke, od, openvt, partprobe, passwd,
paste, patch, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps,
pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, resume, rev,
rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-init, run-parts, sed,
seq, setkeycodes, setpriv, setsid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum,
sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, ssl_client, start-stop-daemon,
stat, static-sh, strings, stty, su, sulogin, svc, svok, swapoff,
swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset,
tc, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, time, timeout, top, touch, tr,
traceroute, traceroute6, true, truncate, tty, tunctl, ubirename,
udhcpc, udhcpd, uevent, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq,
unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep,
uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, w, watch, watchdog, wc, wget,
which, who, whoami, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
acpid | acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE]
Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v
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adjtimex | adjtimex [-q] [-o OFF] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK]
Read or set kernel time variables. See adjtimex(2)
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ar | ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES
Extract or list FILES from an ar archive
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arch | arch
Print system architecture
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arp | arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub
Manipulate ARP cache
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arping | arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP
Send ARP requests/replies
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ash | ash [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o OPT]... [-c ’SCRIPT’ [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE [ARGS] / -s [ARGS]]
Unix shell interpreter
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awk | awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...
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basename | basename FILE [SUFFIX]
Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE
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bc | bc [-sqlw] FILE...
Arbitrary precision calculator
$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width |
blkdiscard | blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE
Discard sectors on DEVICE
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blockdev | blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV
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brctl | brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]
Manage ethernet bridges
Commands:
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bunzip2 | bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
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bzcat | bzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
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bzip2 | bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm
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cal | cal [-jy] [[MONTH] YEAR]
Display a calendar
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cat | cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...
Print FILEs to stdout
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chgrp | chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
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chmod | chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
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chown | chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to USER and/or GRP
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chpasswd | chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted|--crypt-method|--root]
Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
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chroot | chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
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chvt | chvt N
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
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clear | clear
Clear screen
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cmp | cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]
Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)
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cp | cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DEST
Copy SOURCE(s) to DEST
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cpio | cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [EXTR_FILE]...
Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive, or take file list from stdin and create an archive (-o)
Main operation mode:
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crond | crond -fbS -l N -L LOGFILE -c DIR
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crontab | crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]
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cttyhack | cttyhack [PROG ARGS]
Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init):
::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:
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cut | cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout
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date | date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
Recognized TIME formats:
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dc | dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]...
Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, -, *, /, %, ~, ^, |, p - print top of the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the value and set the precision i - pop the value and set input radix o - pop the value and set output radix Examples: dc -e’2 2 + p’ -> 4, dc -e’8 8 * 2 2 + / p’ -> 16
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dd | dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] [iflag=skip_bytes|fullblock] [oflag=seek_bytes] Copy a file with converting and formatting
N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G
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deallocvt | deallocvt [N]
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
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depmod | depmod [-n] [-b BASE] [VERSION] [MODFILES]...
Generate modules.dep, alias, and symbols files
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devmem | devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]
Read/write from physical address
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df | df [-PkmhTai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM]...
Print filesystem usage statistics
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diff | diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.
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dirname | dirname FILENAME
Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
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dmesg | dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
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dos2unix | dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
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dpkg | dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE
Install, remove and manage Debian packages
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dpkg-deb | dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [DIR]
Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)
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du | du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...
Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory
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dumpkmap | dumpkmap > keymap
Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout
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dumpleases | dumpleases [-r|-a] [-d] [-f LEASEFILE]
Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
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echo | echo [-neE] [ARG]...
Print the specified ARGs to stdout
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ed | ed [FILE] |
env | env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS]
Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment
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expand | expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout
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expr | expr EXPRESSION
Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout
EXPRESSION may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
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factor | factor [NUMBER]...
Print prime factors
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fallocate | fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE
Preallocate space for FILE
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fatattr | fatattr [-+rhsvda] FILE...
Change file attributes on FAT filesystem
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fdisk | fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
Change partition table
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find | find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]
Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is ’-print’
Actions:
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fold | fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
Wrap input lines in each FILE (or stdin), writing to stdout
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free | free [-b/k/m/g]
Display the amount of free and used system memory
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freeramdisk | freeramdisk DEVICE
Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
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fsfreeze | fsfreeze --[un]freeze MOUNTPOINT
Flush and halt writes to MOUNTPOINT
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fstrim | fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT
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ftpget | ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE
Download a file via FTP
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ftpput | ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE
Upload a file to a FTP server
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getopt | getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS
Example:
O=‘getopt -l bb: — ab:c:: $@‘ || exit 1 eval set — $O while true; do
case $1 in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo B:’$2’; shift 2;; -c) case $2 in ") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo C:’$2’"; shift 2;; esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done |
getty | getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE]
Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login
BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged
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grep | grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFEz] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f FILE [FILE]...
Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)
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groups | groups [USER]
Print the group memberships of USER or for the current process
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gunzip | gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
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gzip | gzip [-cfkdt] [FILE]...
Compress FILEs (or stdin)
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halt | halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] [-w]
Halt the system
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head | head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).
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hexdump | hexdump [-bcCdefnosvx] [FILE]...
Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format
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hostid | hostid
Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
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hostname | hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
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httpd | httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING
Listen for incoming HTTP requests
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hwclock | hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [--systz] [--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f|--rtc FILE]
Query and set hardware clock (RTC)
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i2cdetect | i2cdetect -l | -F I2CBUS | [-ya] [-q|-r] I2CBUS [FIRST LAST]
Detect I2C chips
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i2cdump | i2cdump [-fy] [-r FIRST-LAST] BUS ADDR [MODE]
Examine I2C registers
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i2cget | i2cget [-fy] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS [DATA-ADDRESS [MODE]]
Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers
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i2cset | i2cset [-fy] [-m MASK] BUS CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [VALUE] ... [MODE]
Set I2C registers
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id | id [OPTIONS] [USER]
Print information about USER or the current user
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ifconfig | ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
Configure a network interface
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ifdown | ifdown [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE...
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ifup | ifup [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE...
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init | init
Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits. It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab.
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insmod | insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
Load kernel module
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ionice | ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]
Change I/O priority and class
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ip | ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS]
OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]
ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to PREFIX] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
[promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] ip tunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION |
ipcalc | ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK]
Calculate and display network settings from IP address
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ipneigh | ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE] |
kill | kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs
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killall | killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...
Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes
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klogd | klogd [-c N] [-n]
Log kernel messages to syslog
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last | last
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
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less | less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
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link | link FILE LINK
Create hard LINK to FILE
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ln | ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR
Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)
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loadfont | loadfont < font
Load a console font from stdin
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loadkmap | loadkmap < keymap
Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin
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logger | logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]
Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog
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login | login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
Begin a new session on the system
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logname | logname
Print the name of the current user
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logread | logread [-fF]
Show messages in syslogd’s circular buffer
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losetup | losetup [-r] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE - associate loop devices losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate losetup -a - show status losetup -f - show next free loop device
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ls | ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
List directory contents
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lsmod | lsmod
List loaded kernel modules
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lzcat | lzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
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lzma | lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILE (or stdin)
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lzop | lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...
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md5sum | md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check MD5 checksums
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mdev | mdev [-s]
mdev -s is to be run during boot to scan /sys and populate /dev.
Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it:
echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines
[-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] where DEVNAME is device name regex, @major ,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices:
If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match
$SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.
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microcom | microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY
Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
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mkdir | mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
Create DIRECTORY
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mkdosfs | mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Make a FAT32 filesystem
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mke2fs | mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
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mkfifo | mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME
Create named pipe
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mknod | mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
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mkpasswd | mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
Print crypt(3) hashed PASSWORD
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mkswap | mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]
Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition
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mktemp | mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.
Base directory is: -p DIR, else
$TMPDIR , else /tmp |
modinfo | modinfo [-adlpn0] [-F keyword] MODULE
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modprobe | modprobe [-alrqvsDb] MODULE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
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more | more [FILE]...
View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time
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mount | mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
There are filesystem-specific -o flags.
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mt | mt [-f device] opcode value
Control magnetic tape drive operation
Available Opcodes:
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
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mv | mv [-fin] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... DIRECTORY
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
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nameif | nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME HWADDR]...
Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device with address HWADDR is renamed to IFACE.
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nc | nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p PORT] [-f FILE|IPADDR PORT] [-e PROG]
Open a pipe to IP:PORT or FILE
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netstat | netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-en]
Display networking information
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nl | nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added
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nologin | nologin
Politely refuse a login
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nproc | nproc --all --ignore=N
Print number of available CPUs
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nsenter | nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]
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nslookup | nslookup [-type=QUERY_TYPE] [-debug] HOST [DNS_SERVER]
Query DNS about HOST
QUERY_TYPE: soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,any
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nuke | nuke DIR...
Remove DIRs
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od | od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...
Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default
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openvt | openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS]
Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
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partprobe | partprobe DEVICE...
Ask kernel to rescan partition table
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passwd | passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]
Change USER’s password (default: current user)
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paste | paste [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab
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patch | patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]
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pidof | pidof [NAME]...
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
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ping | ping [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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ping6 | ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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pivot_root | pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD
Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system
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poweroff | poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]
Halt and shut off power
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printf | printf FORMAT [ARG]...
Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)
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ps | ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]
Show list of processes
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pwd | pwd
Print the full filename of the current working directory
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rdate | rdate [-s/-p] HOST
Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868
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readlink | readlink [-fnv] FILE
Display the value of a symlink
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realpath | realpath FILE...
Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE
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reboot | reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]
Reboot the system
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renice | renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]...
Change scheduling priority of a running process
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reset | reset
Reset the screen
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resume | resume BLOCKDEV [OFFSET]
Restore system state from ’suspend-to-disk’ data in BLOCKDEV
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rev | rev [FILE]...
Reverse lines of FILE
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rm | rm [-irf] FILE...
Remove (unlink) FILEs
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rmdir | rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty
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rmmod | rmmod [-wfa] [MODULE]...
Unload kernel modules
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route | route [{add|del|delete}]
Edit kernel routing tables
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rpm | rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm
Manipulate RPM packages
Commands:
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rpm2cpio | rpm2cpio PACKAGE.rpm
Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
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run-init | run-init [-d CAP,CAP...] [-n] [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
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run-parts | run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test] [--exit-on-error] DIRECTORY
Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY
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sed | sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...
If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).
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seq | seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to 1.
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setkeycodes | setkeycodes { SCANCODE KEYCODE }...
Modify kernel’s scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
SCANCODE is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), KEYCODE is decimal.
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setpriv | setpriv [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS]
Run PROG with different privilege settings
-d,--dump Show current capabilities --nnp,--no-new-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities --inh-caps CAP,CAP Set inheritable capabilities --ambient-caps CAP,CAP Set ambient capabilities
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setsid | setsid [-c] PROG ARGS
Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).
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sh | sh [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o OPT]... [-c ’SCRIPT’ [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE [ARGS] / -s [ARGS]]
Unix shell interpreter
|
sha1sum | sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA1 checksums
|
sha256sum | sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA256 checksums
|
sha512sum | sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...
Print or check SHA512 checksums
|
shred | shred FILE...
Overwrite/delete FILEs
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shuf | shuf [-e|-i L-H] [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE|ARG...]
Randomly permute lines
|
sleep | sleep [N]...
Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
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sort | sort [-nrugMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
Sort lines of text
|
ssl_client | ssl_client [-e] -s FD [-r FD] [-n SNI] |
start-stop-daemon | start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...]
Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes -S: start a process unless a matching process is found
Process matching:
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stat | stat [OPTIONS] FILE...
Display file (default) or filesystem status
FMT sequences for files:
FMT sequences for file systems:
|
strings | strings [-fo] [-t o/d/x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
Display printable strings in a binary file
|
stty | stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane
|
su | su [-lmp] [-] [-s SH] [USER [SCRIPT ARGS / -c ’CMD’ ARG0 ARGS]]
Run shell under USER (by default, root)
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sulogin | sulogin [-t N] [TTY]
Single user login
|
svc | svc [-udopchaitkx] SERVICE_DIR...
Control services monitored by runsv supervisor
|
svok | svok SERVICE_DIR
Check whether runsv supervisor is running. Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not, 111 (with error message) if SERVICE_DIR does not exist.
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swapoff | swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]
Stop swapping on DEVICE
|
swapon | swapon [-a] [-e] [-d[POL]] [DEVICE]
Start swapping on DEVICE
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switch_root | switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
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sync | sync [-df] [FILE]...
Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk
-d Avoid syncing metadata -f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs |
sysctl | sysctl -p [-enq] [FILE...] / [-enqaw] [KEY[=VALUE]]...
Show/set kernel parameters
|
syslogd | syslogd [OPTIONS]
System logging utility (this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf)
|
tac | tac [FILE]...
Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse
|
tail | tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.
N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).
|
tar | tar c|x|t [-ZzJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]...
Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
|
taskset | taskset [-p] [HEXMASK] PID | PROG ARGS
Set or get CPU affinity
|
tc | tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING]
OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show
qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID]
[[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress] class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID] filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID] [handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show [dev STRING] [root|parent CLASSID] |
tee | tee [-ai] [FILE]...
Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout
|
telnet | telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
Connect to telnet server
|
telnetd | telnetd [OPTIONS]
Handle incoming telnet connections
|
tftp | tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
|
time | time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS
Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits
|
timeout | timeout [-s SIG] SECS PROG ARGS
Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Default SIG: TERM.
|
top | top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS]
Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of them. Keys:
Options:
|
touch | touch [-c] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...
Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
|
tr | tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout
|
traceroute | traceroute [-46FIlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST
|
traceroute6 | traceroute6 [-nrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST
|
truncate | truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...
Truncate FILEs to the given size
|
tty | tty
Print file name of stdin’s terminal
|
tunctl | tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name)
Create or delete tun interfaces
|
ubirename | ubirename UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME [OLD2 NEW2]...
Rename UBI volumes on UBI_DEVICE
|
udhcpc | udhcpc [-fbqRB] [-a[MSEC]] [-t N] [-T SEC] [-A SEC/-n] [-i IFACE] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-oC] [-r IP] [-V VENDOR] [-F NAME] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...
|
udhcpd | udhcpd [-fS] [-I ADDR] [CONFFILE]
DHCP server
|
uevent | uevent [PROG [ARGS]]
uevent runs PROG for every netlink notification. PROG’s environment contains data passed from the kernel. Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation):
# uevent mdev & mdev -s |
umount | umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
Unmount file systems
|
uname | uname [-amnrspvio]
Print system information
|
uncompress | uncompress [-cf] [FILE]...
Decompress .Z file[s]
|
unexpand | unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout
|
uniq | uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Discard duplicate lines
|
unix2dos | unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]
Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
unlink | unlink FILE
Delete FILE by calling unlink()
|
unlzma | unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILE (or stdin)
|
unshare | unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]
|
unxz | unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILE (or stdin)
|
unzip | unzip [-lnojpq] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE...] [-d DIR]
Extract FILEs from ZIP archive
|
uptime | uptime
Display the time since the last boot
|
usleep | usleep N
Pause for N microseconds
|
uudecode | uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]
Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given
|
uuencode | uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME
Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout
|
vconfig | vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
|
vi | vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Edit FILE
|
w | w
Show who is logged on
|
watch | watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS
Run PROG periodically
|
watchdog | watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
|
wc | wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...
Count lines, words, and bytes for each FILE (or stdin)
|
wget | wget [-c|--continue] [--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document FILE] [--header ’header: value’] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] [-S|--server-response] [-U|--user-agent AGENT] URL... Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
|
which | which [COMMAND]...
Locate a COMMAND
|
who | who [-a]
Show who is logged on
|
whoami | whoami
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
|
xargs | xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]
Run PROG on every item given by stdin
|
xxd | xxd [OPTIONS] [FILE]
Hex dump FILE (or stdin)
|
xz | xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...
Decompress FILE (or stdin)
|
xzcat | xzcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
|
yes | yes [STRING]
Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or ’y’
|
zcat | zcat [FILE]...
Decompress to stdout
|
LIBC NSS
GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.
If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.
When used with glibc, the BusyBox ’networking’ applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.
MAINTAINER
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux>
AUTHORS
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.
Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina>
run-parts
run-parts
Erik Andersen <andersen>
Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
nobody is going to actually read.
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson>
rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
Jeff Angielski <jeff>
ftpput, ftpget
Edward Betts <edward>
expr, hostid, logname, whoami
John Beppu <beppu>
du, nslookup, sort
Brian Candler <B.Candler>
tiny-ls(ls)
Randolph Chung <tausq>
fbset, ping, hostname
Dave Cinege <dcinege>
more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
Jordan Crouse <jordan>
ipcalc
Magnus Damm <damm>
tftp client insmod powerpc support
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt>
pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
Glenn Engel <glenne>
httpd
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman>
Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
logread), various fixes.
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg>
cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan>
mktemp.c
Matt Kraai <kraai>
documentation, bugfixes, test suite
Stephan Linz <linz>
ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
John Lombardo <john>
tr
Glenn McGrath <bug1>
Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
Manuel Novoa III <mjn3>
cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo>
cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
locale, various fixes
and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
Bruce Perens <bruce>
Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
still be found hiding here and there...
Tim Riker <Tim>
bug fixes, member of fan club
Kent Robotti <robotti>
reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
Pavel Roskin <proski>
Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
Gyepi Sam <gyepi>
Remote logging feature for syslogd
Linus Torvalds <torvalds>
mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
Mark Whitley <markw>
grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
Charles P. Wright <cpwright>
gzip, mini-netcat(nc)
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi>
tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
Tito Ragusa <farmatito>
devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
Paul Fox <pgf>
vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes
Roberto A. Foglietta <me>
port: dnsd
Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop>
misc
Mike Frysinger <vapier>
initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc
Jie Zhang <jie.zhang>
fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)